Course Contents

Unit 1: Problem Solving with Computer (2 Hrs.)

• Problem Analysis
• Algorithms and Flowchart
• Coding, Compilation, and Execution
• History of C
• Structure of a C Program
• Debugging, Testing, and Documentation

Unit 2: Elements of C (4 Hrs.)

• C Standards (ANSI C and C99)
• C Character Set
• C Tokens
• Escape Sequences and Delimiters
• Variables and Data Types (Basic, Derived, and User Defined)
• Structure of a C Program
• Executing a C Program
• Constants/Literals
• Expressions, Statements, and Comments

Unit 3: Input and Output (2 Hrs.)

• Conversion Specification
• Reading and Writing Characters
• I/O Operations
• Formatted I/O

Unit 4: Operators and Expressions (4 Hrs.)

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical (Boolean) Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Bitwise Operators
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Conditional Operator
• Special Operators (sizeof and comma)
• Evaluation of Expressions
• Operator Precedence and Associativity

Unit 5: Control Statements (4 Hrs.)

• Conditional Statements
• Decision Making and Branching
• Decision Making and Looping
• Exit Function
• Break and Continue

Unit 6: Arrays (6 Hrs.)

• Introduction to Arrays
• Types of Arrays (Single Dimensional and Multidimensional)
• Declaration and Memory Representation of Arrays
• Initialization of Arrays
• Character Arrays and Strings
• Reading and Writing Strings
• Null Character
• String Library Functions (String Length, String Copy, String Concatenation, String Compare)

Unit 7: Functions (5 Hrs.)

• Library Functions
• User-Defined Functions
• Function Prototype, Function Call, and Function Definition
• Nested and Recursive Functions
• Function Arguments and Return Types
• Passing Arrays to Functions
• Passing Strings to Functions
• Passing Arguments by Value and by Address
• Scope, Visibility, and Lifetime of Variables
• Local and Global Variables

Unit 8: Structure and Union (5 Hrs.)

• Introduction to Structures
• Array of Structures
• Passing Structures to Functions
• Passing Arrays of Structures to Functions
• Nested Structures
• Union
• Pointer to Structure

Unit 9: Pointers (6 Hrs.)

• Introduction to Pointers
• The & and * Operators
• Declaration of Pointers
• Chain of Pointers
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Pointers and Arrays
• Pointers and Character Strings
• Array of Pointers
• Pointers as Function Arguments
• Functions Returning Pointers
• Pointers and Structures
• Dynamic Memory Allocation

Unit 10: File Handling in C (4 Hrs.)

• Concept of Files
• Opening and Closing Files
• Input and Output Operations in Files
• Random Access in Files
• Error Handling in Files

Unit 11: Introduction to Graphics (3 Hrs.)

• Concepts of Graphics
• Graphics Initialization and Modes
• Graphics Functions

Laboratory Works

This course requires extensive programming practice. Each topic must be accompanied by a practical session, including:

• Creating, compiling, and running simple C programs
• Handling different data types available in C
• Performing arithmetic operations
• Formatted input and output operations
• Character input and output operations
• Logical operations, decision-making programs, and loops
• User-defined and recursive functions
• Automatic, global, and static variables
• Arrays and matrices (single and multidimensional)
• Pointers, dynamic memory allocation, and deallocation
• String manipulation using various string handling functions
• Structures and files for record-keeping (students, employees, etc.)

Text Books

1. Byron Gottfried: Programming with C, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Education
2. Herbert Schildt: C The Complete Reference, Fourth Edition, Osborne/McGraw Hill Publication

Reference Books

1. Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel: C: How to Program, Eighth Edition, Pearson Publication
2. Al Kelley, Ira Pohl: A Book on C, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education
3. Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie: The C Programming Language, Second Edition, PHI Publication
4. Ajay Mittal: Programming in C: A Practical Approach, Pearson Publication
5. Stephen G. Kochan: Programming in C, CBS Publishers & Distributors
6. E. Balagurusamy: Programming in ANSI C, Third Edition, TMH Publishing